Finite State Machine (FSM) Coding In Verilog

There is a special Coding style for State Machines in VHDL as well as in Verilog. Let us consider below given state machine which is a “1011” overlapping sequence detector. Output becomes ‘1’ when sequence is detected in state S4 else it remains ‘0’ for other states.

Verilog Code for FSM:
// 4-State Moore state machine
// A Moore machine's outputs are dependent only on the current state.
// The output is written only when the state changes.  (State
// transitions are synchronous.)
module seq_dect
(
    input    clk, data_in, reset,
    output reg  data_out
);
    // Declare state register
    reg        [2:0]state;
    // Declare states
    parameter S0 = 0, S1 = 1, S2 = 2, S3 = 3, S4 = 4;

    // Determine the next state
    always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset) begin
        if (reset)
            state <= S0;
        else
            case (state)
                S0:
                    if (data_in)
                        state <= S1;
                    else
                        state <= S0;
                S1:
                    if (data_in)
                        state <= S1;
                    else
                        state <= S2;
                S2:
                    if (data_in)
                        state <= S3;
                    else
                        state <= S2;
                S3:
                    if (data_in)
                        state <= S4;
                    else
                        state <= S2;
                S4:
                    if (data_in)
                        state <= S1;
                    else
                        state <= S2;
            endcase // case (state)
    end // always @ (posedge clk or posedge reset)
    // Output depends only on the state
    always @ (state) begin
        case (state)
            S0:
                data_out = 1'b0;
            S1:
                data_out = 1'b1;
            S2:
                data_out = 1'b0;
            S3:
                data_out = 1'b1;
            S4:
                data_out = 1'b1;               
            default:
                data_out = 1'b0;
        endcase // case (state)
    end // always @ (state)

endmodule // moore_mac