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Top 5 books to refer for a VHDL beginner

VHDL (VHSIC-HDL, Very High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) is a hardware description language used in electronic des...

Sunday, 27 May 2012

45nm 32 nm 28nm 24nm 22nm ….. What Does It Mean?

Intel's new microprocessor relies on a new recipe that combines the element Hafnium and metal gate technology to increase performance and significantly reduce eco-unfriendly, wasteful electricity leaks. But what does that mean?

 

Semiconductor manufacturing processes

  • 10 µm — 1971
  • 3 µm — 1975
  • 1.5 µm — 1982
  • 1 µm — 1985
  • 800 nm (.80 µm) — 1989
  • 600 nm (.60 µm) — 1994
  • 350 nm (.35 µm) — 1995
  • 250 nm (.25 µm) — 1998
  • 180 nm (.18 µm) — 1999
  • 130 nm (.13 µm) — 2000
  • 90 nm — 2002
  • 65 nm — 2006
  • 45 nm — 2008
  • 32 nm — 2010
  • 22 nm — 2011
  • 16 nm — approx. 2013
  • 11 nm — approx. 2015
  • 6 nm — approx. 2020
  • 4 nm — approx. 202

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